Novel Wireless Elastic Ultrasonic Technology for Continuous Bladder Surveillance

Cystitis is classified into infectious and non-infectious types. Infectious cystitis is mainly caused by bacterial infections, while non-infectious cystitis may result from drug reactions or autoimmune disorders. Symptoms include frequent urination, dysuria, urinary pain, and hematuria. Traditional bladder examination methods, such as urinalysis, cystoscopy, and ultrasound, have limitations in accuracy and long-term monitoring. Although ultrasound is non-invasive, most current devices are wired, limiting their monitoring capabilities. This study introduces a preliminary non-invasive ultrasonic system for measuring bladder volume. The custom-designed ultrasonic pulse emission circuit allows for switching between three pulse modes, providing system flexibility. Comparisons with commercial equipment showed that the custom circuit effectively triggers the ultrasound probe. FFT analysis confirmed the probe's 1 MHz center frequency, matching the piezoelectric crystal's resonance. These results validate the custom probe's effectiveness and show that the integrated pulse circuit performs comparably to commercial instruments. The STM32 microcontroller series successfully enabled wireless ADC transmission, with analog signal data viewed via a mobile phone, confirming preliminary bladder signal measurements.