Simulation-Based Approach to Urban-Block Energy Efficiency Through Building Envelope Designs

This study evaluates the impacts of urban forms on energy consumption in two distinct urban forms in Bangkok city. The methodology involves setting up urban block models with adjustment of various envelope design scenarios such as window-to-wall ratio, u-value wall, and u-value glass. The energy consumption and solar energy production of 48 designs were performed using the parametric platform Rhino& Grasshopper with microclimate and energy simulation plugins. The energy intensity among urban blocks was analyzed. Results indicated that the high-density area with a small commercial building ratio was the most energy-efficient form, which achieved positive energy consumption. Notably, commercial buildings significantly contributed to urban energy use. Installing high-performance glass and adjusting the window-to-wall ratio significantly reduced energy consumption in commercial buildings by up to 24%, which is a driving factor of low carbon emissions. The findings could be helpful for architects, urban planners, and policymakers to reduce energy use and carbon emissions through strategic urban design.