Comparative Analysis of Energy System Modeling Approaches for Decarbonizing the Electricity Sector

Comparative analysis is crucial for evidence-based decision-making for sustainable energy transitions. Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of various approaches is necessary before application. This review article presents a comparative analysis of energy system modeling approaches applied in the literature to develop decarbonization pathways for the electricity sector. The six most widely used applications are analyzed: TIMES/MARKAL, PyPSA, EnergyRT, SWITCH, OSeMOSYS, LEAP, and TIMES. SWOT analysis evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of these models when applied toward net zero electricity systems by midcentury. PyPSA and Switch models emerge as top choices in analyzing the decarbonized future electricity sector due to adaptability, stakeholder compatibility, and policy alignment. The study aids researchers and policymakers in selecting an appropriate modeling approach by considering the strengths and limitations of each modeling technique. Furthermore, it underscores the necessity of ongoing evaluation and refinement to meet the evolving needs of the energy sector effectively, especially with the development of a new generation of open-source non-proprietary models.