Thermal Behavior and Optimization in Biomass Pyrolysis: A Modeling and Simulation Study

The International Energy Agency recognizes that plant-derived lignocellulosic biomass can supply 10% of global clean, renewable energy. Pyrolysis, a thermochemical process converting biomass into biofuel, bio-chemicals, bio-char, and bio-oil under low oxygen, is crucial. This study focuses on developing mathematical models to understand biomass's thermal behaviour during pyrolysis at various temperatures and reaction rates. It reviews existing knowledge, identifies research gaps, and integrates biomass pyrolysis models. The findings align with previous experiments, noting that optimal heating rates minimize pyrolysis time. Recent advancements include using machine learning to reduce computational demands. The paper also briefly discusses the factors, limitations, and challenges of biomass pyrolysis.