HDCGD-CBAM: Satellite interference recognition algorithm based on improved CLDNN and CBAM

Satellite communication systems are facing serious electromagnetic interference, and interference signal recognition is a crucial foundation for targeted anti-interference. In this paper, we propose a novel interference recognition algorithm called HDCGD-CBAM, which adopts the time-frequency images (TFIs) of signals to effectively extract the temporal and spectral characteristics. In the proposed method, we improve the Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Deep Neural Network (CLDNN) in two ways. First, the simpler Gate Recurrent Unit (GRU) is used instead of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), reducing model parameters while maintaining the recognition accuracy. Second, we replace convolutional layers with hybrid dilated convolution (HDC) to expand the receptive field of feature maps, which captures the correlation of time-frequency data on a larger spatial scale. Additionally, Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) is introduced before and after the HDC layers to strengthen the extraction of critical features and improve the recognition performance. The experiment results show that the HDCGD-CBAM model significantly outperforms existing methods in terms of recognition accuracy and complexity. When Jamming-to-Signal Ratio (JSR) varies from −30dB to 10dB, it achieves an average accuracy of 78.7% and outperforms the CLDNN by 7.29% while reducing the Floating Point Operations(FLOPs) by 79.8% to 114.75M. Moreover, the proposed model has fewer parameters with 301k compared to several state-of-the-art methods.