Advancing Muscle Monitoring and Intervention: Wearable Ultrasound for Tremor Frequency Measurement and Real-Time Tissue Displacement Analysis

Precise monitoring of tremor frequency and tissue displacement (TD) is essential for developing effective non-invasive tremor suppression methods. This study presents a wearable ultrasound (WUS) array designed for continuous, real-time muscle monitoring. The WUS features a 32-element, 1-3 PZT-5H composite array with a center frequency of 7.22 MHz and a -6 dB fractional bandwidth of 52.74 %, optimized for capturing ultrasound signals from target muscles like the flexor carpi radialis (FCR). Experiments with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) patients for tremor frequency detection and TD measurements demonstrated that the WUS system accurately identified tremor frequencies and tracked muscle displacement. These results suggest that WUS has the potential to serve as a reliable, non-invasive alternative to existing sensing technologies, offering continuous muscle monitoring for improved tremor management and intervention strategies.