A 1-D CNN Algorithm for Low-Background β Detection With Time Projection Chamber

Low-background <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> detection is crucial for environmental safety. In this article, a 1-D convolutional neural network (1-D CNN)-based algorithm is introduced for low-background <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> detection using time projection chambers (TPCs), aiming to classify <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and background signals captured by the detectors and recorded using the electronic system. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in handling complex background and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> signals. The neural network was trained and tested on two datasets from different conditions. In each dataset, the test result showed a background rejection rate of over 98%, with a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {\beta }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> retention rate of approximately 55%. Compared to traditional lead-shielded detection methods, the application of this algorithm enables lead-free, low-background <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\beta $ </tex-math></inline-formula> detection. This can lead to a significant reduction in instrument size and weight, thereby greatly expanding its potential applications.