Application of Fuzzy Adaptive Impedance Control Based on Backstepping Method for PAM Elbow Exoskeleton in Rehabilitation

In this study, a fuzzy adaptive impedance control method integrating the backstepping control for the PAM elbow exoskeleton was developed to facilitate robot-assisted rehabilitation tasks. The proposed method uses fuzzy logic to adjust impedance parameters, thereby optimizing user adaptability and reducing interactive torque, which are major limitations of traditional impedance control methods. Furthermore, a repetitive learning algorithm and an adaptive control strategy were incorporated to improve the performance of position accuracy, addressing the time-varying uncertainties and nonlinear disturbances inherent in the exoskeleton. The stability of the proposed controller was tested, and then corresponding simulations and an elbow flexion and extension rehabilitation experiment were performed. The results showed that, with the proposed method, the root mean square of the tracking error was 0.032 rad (i.e., 21.95% less than that of the PID method), and the steady-state interactive torque was 1.917 N·m (i.e., 46.49% less than that of the traditional impedance control). These values exceeded those of the existing methods and supported the potential application of the proposed method for other soft actuators and robots.