The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Luciocyprinus langsoni (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae): Characterization, Phylogeny, and Genetic Diversity Analysis

<b>Background</b>: <i>Luciocyprinus langsoni</i> is a species belonging to the Cyprinidae family. The objective of this study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of its evolutionary history and genetic characteristics. <b>Methods</b>: The complete mitochondrial genome of <i>L</i>. <i>langsoni</i> was determined using overlapping PCR. A phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on 13 protein-coding genes from 48 species. A population genetic diversity analysis using the <i>COI</i> gene and a selection analysis of 13 protein-coding genes were also performed. <b>Results</b>: The mitogenome is 16,586 base pairs long and consists of 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and two control regions. It has a high adenine-thymine (A + T) content. The phylogenetic analysis confirms the placement of <i>L</i>. <i>langsoni</i> within the subfamily <i>Cyprininae</i>. The population genetic diversity analysis reveals low variability in the Hechi Longjiang population. The selection analysis shows that all 13 protein-coding genes have evolved under purifying selection with Ka/Ks ratios below 1. <b>Conclusions</b>: These results enhance our understanding of <i>L</i>. <i>langsoni</i>'s evolutionary history and lay a genetic foundation for future studies in population genetics and phylogenetics.