Changes in the Composition and Properties of Cultured Bacterial Strains of Ginseng Rhizosphere According to Soil Characteristics in the Forest and Plots

The cultivation of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, a valuable medicinal plant, presents a number of challenges due to its physiology and life cycle. The composition of the soil and the microbiome living in it are important for plant growth and root quality. Modern analytical methods were used to identify differences in the rhizosphere soils of plants in the forest and in the plots. Microbiological and molecular genetic methods were used to isolate and identify bacterial isolates from these soils, allowing for the establishment of a working collection of potentially useful bacterial strains. Increases in soil pH in the plots and changes in the amount of macronutrients partially explained the changes in the activity of the forest and plot isolates and the composition of the cultivated strains. The cultivated strains belonged to the rhizosphere-dominant phyla Pseudomonadota, Bacillota, and Actinomycetota of the main functional groups of soil potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen transformations. The ratio of bacteria functional groups was comparable in the forest and in the plots. The most common phylum of cultured microorganisms was Bacillota, while the main differences were observed in the functional group of potassium-solubilizing bacteria belonging to the phyla Pseudomonadota.