Linear maps preserving the inclusion of fixed subsets into the local spectrum at some fixed vector

Abstract For a natural number $$n \ge 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , denote by $$\mathcal {M}_{n}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> the space of all $$n\times n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> matrices over the complex field $$\mathbb {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Let $$x_0 \in \mathbb {C}^{n}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be a fixed nonzero vector, and fix also two nonempty subsets $$K_1, K_2 \subseteq \mathbb {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , each having at most n distinct elements. Under the assumption that $$|K_1| \le |K_2|$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we characterize linear bijective maps $$\varphi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> </mml:math> on $$\mathcal {M}_{n}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> having the property that, for each matrix T , we have that $$K_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is a subset of the local spectrum of $$\varphi (T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at $$x_0 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> whenever $$K_1 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is a subset of the local spectrum of T at $$x_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . As a corollary, we also characterize linear maps $$\varphi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> </mml:math> on $$\mathcal {M} _{n}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> having the property that, for each matrix T , we have that $$K_1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is a subset of the local spectrum of T at $$x_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> if and only if $$K_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is a subset

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Journal
Archiv der Mathematik
Published
2024-12-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00013-024-02078-7
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Advanced Topics in Algebra
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article

Linear maps preserving the inclusion of fixed subsets into the local spectrum at some fixed vector

Constantin Costara
Archiv der Mathematik
Advanced Topics in Algebra
article

Linear maps preserving the inclusion of fixed subsets into the local spectrum at some fixed vector

Constantin Costara
article en

Abstract

Abstract For a natural number $$n \ge 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>≥</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , denote by $$\mathcal {M}_{n}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> the space of all $$n\times n$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> matrices over the complex field $$\mathbb {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Let $$x_0 \in \mathbb {C}^{n}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> be a fixed nonzero vector, and fix also two nonempty subsets $$K_1, K_2 \subseteq \mathbb {C}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , each having at most n distinct elements. Under the assumption that $$|K_1| \le |K_2|$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>|</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , we characterize linear bijective maps $$\varphi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> </mml:math> on $$\mathcal {M}_{n}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> having the property that, for each matrix T , we have that $$K_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is a subset of the local spectrum of $$\varphi (T)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at $$x_0 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> whenever $$K_1 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is a subset of the local spectrum of T at $$x_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> . As a corollary, we also characterize linear maps $$\varphi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>φ</mml:mi> </mml:math> on $$\mathcal {M} _{n}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> having the property that, for each matrix T , we have that $$K_1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is a subset of the local spectrum of T at $$x_0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> if and only if $$K_2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>K</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is a subset

Archiv der MathematikVol. 124(2)
Ovidius University (RO)
Openalex Percentile: Top 59%
Advanced Topics in Algebra
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