Differentiating “must–have” and “should–have” supply chain capabilities for enhanced performance: a necessary conditions analysis

Purpose This study aims to identify the “should have” and “must have” capabilities required to boost a supply chain’s robustness and operational performance. Research on supply chain capabilities and their impact has long been central to the supply chain discipline. However, empirical studies continue to report mixed results regarding the relationship between integration and performance or agility and robustness. Using a novel methodological approach, this study explores how supply chain integration, agility and supply chain risk management activities influence the operational performance and robustness of supply chains. Design/methodology/approach Data was collected through surveys and analyzed using SmartPLS 4 and necessary condition analysis (NCA). This combined approach shifts focus from average trends to identifying the required levels of capabilities, offering insights into the necessity logic of supply chain strategies. Findings The study reveals that supply chain risk management and internal integration significantly influence operational performance and robustness. It also supports agility as a precursor to enhancing supply chain robustness, aligning with contemporary theoretical perspectives. Practical implications The findings suggest the importance of integrating risk management and internal processes to enhance supply chain performance and robustness. Additionally, agility emerges as a critical strategy in navigating disruptions, emphasizing the need to prioritize it in supply chain management. Originality/value By adopting a holistic approach grounded in dynamic capability theory, this study contributes to understanding the interplay of supply chain strategies amid unprecedented challenges. The combined use of SmartPLS 4 and NCA offers a novel perspective, shedding light on the necessary logic of supply chain capabilities.