Analysis of development of fifth generation communication networks

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of key aspects of the development of fifth-generation (5G) networks in Ukraine. Current problems and prospects for the implementation of 5G are studied, taking into account technological, economic and regulatory aspects. Mathematical models and algorithms are proposed for optimizing the allocation of radio frequency spectrum, placement of base stations, implementation of virtualization of network functions Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and software-configured networks Software-Defined Networking (SDN), as well as ensuring quality of service (QoS) for different classes of traffic. The developed solutions allow to increase the efficiency of deployment and operation of 5G networks in conditions of limited resources. A mathematical model of spectrum allocation optimization using linear programming has been developed, which takes into account the efficiency of spectrum use by different operators. To optimize the placement of base stations, an approach based on game theory is proposed, which takes into account bandwidth limitations and placement costs while ensuring the necessary coverage. A mathematical model is presented for optimizing the placement of virtualized network functions on servers with limited resources in order to minimize costs and ensure the required performance. An algorithm based on gradient descent for dynamic resource management and QoS is proposed. Based on a comparative analysis of optimization methods, an integrated approach to solving key problems of 5G implementation is developed. A mathematical model for optimizing the allocation of radio frequency spectrum based on linear programming is proposed, which provides an increase in spectral efficiency by 23–27 % compared to basic methods. A game-theoretic approach to optimizing the placement of base stations is presented, which allows reducing the number of overloaded sectors by 45 % and increasing energy efficiency by 13.3 %. A genetic algorithm for optimizing the placement of virtualized network functions (VNF) is developed, which provides a 21.4 % higher resource utilization. Experimental studies have confirmed that the proposed solutions allow achieving an overall increase in network efficiency by 20–25 % while reducing operating costs by 15–20 %. The results create a methodological basis for effective planning and deployment of 5G networks in Ukraine.