An Innovative Collaboration-Based Ozone and Aerosol Observation Network in Northeast Asia

Abstract Situated in close proximity to the Korea Peninsula and the Japan Islands, Shandong Province in China (SDP) has emerged as a focal point for global attention due to its significant surface ozone (O 3 ) and aerosol pollution. Despite this attention, there are notable gaps in knowledge across various interconnected research domains, encompassing climate change, atmospheric circulation, anthropogenic emissions, and the chemistry of O 3 and aerosols. The impact of frequent heat waves on regional O 3 and aerosol pollution remains unclear, while our comprehension of atmospheric circulation dynamics and the chemistry involved with O 3 and aerosols is still hampered by substantial limitations. The unique topography and geographical setting of SDP, with its complex interplay of factors like sea–land breezes, mountain–valley winds, and urban heat islands, make it an ideal location for investigating the dynamics of O 3 and aerosol chemistry. Moreover, it is essential to explore the effects of transboundary transport on O 3 and aerosol pollution and delve into the underlying mechanisms contributing to their combined pollution effects. To bridge these knowledge gaps, the Innovative Collaboration-Based Ozone and Aerosol Observation Network in Northeast Asia has been established through collaborative efforts involving the Bureaus of Ecology and Environment, Meteorology in SDP, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This network encompasses various components, including air quality and weather stations, a network of low-cost air quality sensors, monitoring stations focused on atmospheric photochemical smog and aerosol chemical speciation, and vertical measurement systems targeting O 3 and its precursor gases (utilizing light detection and ranging, balloon sounding, and drone-based measurements), as well as measurements conducted via vehicles and ships. Additionally, preliminary findings from this comprehensive observational campaign will be shared. Significance Statement This research aims to understand how climate change, atmospheric circulation, and pollution from ozone and aerosols interact in northeast Asia, particularly in Shandong Province. By establishing a comprehensive observation network, we seek to uncover the dynamics of air pollution in diverse environments. Our work provides crucial data to improve air quality and inform climate change mitigation strategies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and sustained monitoring efforts to address environmental challenges. This initiative not only enhances scientific understanding but also fosters regional cooperation and contributes significantly to global atmospheric science.