Developing a Virtual Reality Simulation of the Michelson-Morley Experiment for Physics Education: Design, Validation, and Educational

The Michelson-Morley experiment is a foundational experiment in modern physics that played a critical role in shaping our understanding of space-time and the speed of light. However, reproducing this historically significant experiment in an educational setting poses substantial logistical challenges due to the complexity and precision of the required equipment. This study presents the development and validation of a virtual reality prototype designed to simulate the Michelson-Morley interferometer experiment. Using a research and development methodology, the virtual reality prototype replicated the experimental setup, allowing students to adjust parameters, such as mirror angles and laser types, to observe real-time interference patterns. Validation by three experts, including two experimental physicists and one educational practitioner, yielded an average score of 4.27 out of 5. The prototype excelled in simulation accuracy, educational effectiveness, and curriculum alignment, with perfect scores (5.00) for these indicators. The findings highlight the virtual reality tool’s effectiveness in enhancing students’ understanding of wave interference and light behavior. Despite minor concerns about motion sickness and implementation costs, the virtual reality approach demonstrates considerable promise for enriching physics education