Investigation of Al₂O₃:Cu Hybrid Nanofluid Composition in Jet Impingement Cooling: Numerical Analysis

Hybrid nanofluids have emerged as a promising medium for enhancing heat transfer in various cooling systems, particularly in jet impingement cooling applications. This study conducts a numerical analysis of the heat transfer performance of aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) and copper (Cu) hybrid nanofluids at different mixing ratios (25:75, 50:50, and 75:25) under jet impingement cooling conditions. The research employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to investigate the thermophysical properties and heat transfer behaviour of these hybrid nanofluids at a constant nanoparticle concentration of 0.5% by volume. Among the tested compositions, the 50:50 Al₂O₃ mixture demonstrated the highest heat transfer coefficient and surface temperature reduction, improving heat transfer by up to 22.20% compared to pure water. The findings suggest that the balanced thermal properties of this ratio has optimized cooling performance, making it suitable for industrial cooling applications, such as electronics and power systems, where efficient heat dissipation is critical.