Logistic Services in Hajj: Survey

The Hajj (or pilgrimage to Mecca) is one of the most well-known of these international mass-gathering occasions, that takes place every year furthermore attracts Muslim pilgrims who go to distinct locations on a pre-determined schedule to execute a set of specific Islamic rituals. Due to its broad international attendance, the Hajj has been subjected to numerous recorded hazards, whether security-related, health-related, or otherwise. These risks have been attributed to variables such as transportation, human error, interstate tensions, and miscommunication. Healthcare, accommodation, security threats, crowd management, waste management, transportation, and other logistic services are related to Hajj services, which became an essential requirement during the Hajj season for pilgrims and Umrah performers in Saudi Arabia. This survey paper has reviewed the literature that studies logistic services during Hajj according to seven main branches. The survey is deemed unique and vital since it affects the pilgrimage life cycle, i.e. pilgrims who try to be chosen to undertake Islamic pilgrimage rites annually. In the paper's conclusion, new research practical directions are recommended supported by a comprehensive overview of recent technologies and an analytical survey.