A Wind Speed-Driven Approach to Round Earth Loss Modeling for Maritime Communications

In wireless maritime communication systems, several factors significantly impact the propagation of electromagnetic waves, especially through open seas. This should be taken into consideration for channel modeling in this environment. Accordingly, various investigations have been carried out to analyze the effect of physical factors such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind speed in this propagation environment. This has been motivated by the need for reliable communication to ensure efficient navigation and provide accurate metrics. In this paper, we present a wireless maritime channel model that considers the impact of wind speed on the state of the sea surface. Our approach incorporates the effects of shadowing and scattering into a deterministic round earth loss (REL) model. We have compared the proposed model against established models using pertinent data. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model is more consistent with the REL model, suggesting the presence of a reflected ray for low wind speeds. As wind speed increases, it aligns more closely with the empirical ITU-R P.15466 (50%) model.