Crowdsourcing: Modeling Techniques and Comprehensive Studies

This paper provides an in-depth review of crowdsourcing techniques developed over the last decade, addressing its growing applications in areas such as data gathering, innovation, and complex problem-solving. The survey focuses on prominent approaches like microtasking, game-theoretic models, contest-based frameworks, hybrid human-machine interactions, and auction-based methods, examining each from both practical and theoretical perspectives. Furthermore, mathematical models for select approaches are discussed to elucidate their operational mechanics and effectiveness. Through this survey, we aim to shed light on emerging trends, expose gaps in current research, and suggest future directions for advancing crowdsourcing methodologies and applications.