Deployment Strategy for Low-Power-Consumption Roadside Units in 5G Vehicular Networking

The low-power-consumption (LPC) operation of Roadside Units (RSUs) is of paramount importance in the 5G Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications within two-dimensional (2-D) Internet of Vehicles (IoV) networks. Compared with all RSUs operating at a fixed power, implementation of dynamic power transmission control and operation mode conversion of RSUs based on the actual distribution of vehicles is undoubtedly an intuitive and ideal power optimization solution. To achieve LPC RSU operations, in this paper, a novel concept of candidate communication service area (CCSA) is introduced and a power optimization strategy is established. The main idea of this strategy is to curtail the redundant coverage areas of RSUs while maintaining communications with the vehicles within the system. An enhanced Genetic algorithm (eGA) is proposed to implement this deployment strategy. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed algorithm effectively reduces the aggregate power consumption of RSUs while maintaining robust communication links between RSUs and vehicles.