Wine consumption and cardiovascular health: the unresolved French paradox and the promise of objective biomarkers

High riskTartaric acid 0 1 1-2 >2 Number of drinks/day Adult completing the questionnaire Measuring tartaric acid in urine CV relative riskAssessing wine consumption with a biomarker (tartaric acid) Urinary tartaric acid, a specific biomarker of wine consumption, provides objective quantification of intake, minimizing misclassification.The study demonstrates that moderate wine consumption, as assessed by urinary tartaric acid levels, is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk in a Mediterranean population at high CVD risk.