Intelligent-single-phase auto-reclosing scheme using line-voltage-phasor-side analysis

• In the case of transient faults, after the power is interrupted and the fault is cleared, the line can be re-energized through an automatic reconnection strategy. • Upon the occurrence of a primary arc fault, the protection system is triggered, de-energizing the faulty phase by issuing commands to circuit breakers at both ends of the line. • Due to the ionization of the air surrounding the defective phase and the coupling of healthy phases with the faulty one, a secondary arc current remains at the fault location. • Over time, as the insulation resistance of the arc path increases, the breakdown voltage rises, and after a few cycles, the secondary arc is fully extinguished. It is a common practice to reclose the circuit breaker after a predefined dead time; however, reclosing in the presence of permanent faults may compromise system stability. • It is essential to design a reclosing scheme capable of distinguishing between transient and permanent faults, as well as detecting the moment of secondary arc extinction. • This paper aims to explore the potential of utilizing voltage phasor information from the transmission line's sending end to identify fault types and the moment of secondary arc extinction. To achieve this, various structural and operational factors of the transmission line will be considered. Due to the extended length of transmission lines, electrical equipment is frequently exposed to various faults. To ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers and maintain the stability of the power grid, the implementation of reconnection schemes proves to be highly effective. In the case of transient faults, after the power is interrupted and the fault is cleared, the line can be re-energized through an automatic reconnection strategy. Upon the occurrence of a primary arc fault, the protection system is triggered, de-energizing the faulty phase by issuing commands to circuit breakers. However, due to the ionization of the air surrounding the defective phase, a secondary arc current remains at the fault location. Over time, as the insulation resistance of the arc path increases, the breakdown voltage rises, and after a few cycles, the secondary arc is fully extinguished. It is a common practice to reclose the circuit breaker after a predefined dead time; however, reclosing in the presence of permanent faults may compromise system stability. Therefore, it is essential to design a reclosing scheme capable of distinguishing between transient and permanent faults, as well as detecting the moment of secondary arc extinction. This paper aims to explore the potential of utilizing voltage phasor information from the transmission line's sending end to identify fault types and the moment of secondary arc extinction. To achieve this, various structural of the transmission line will be considered. The proposed network will be simulated using PSCAD, and the results will be analyzed accordingly.