Indigenous knowledge systems, situated and contextual learning: unlocking collective human digital capabilities and competencies for Global South communities in the digital era

Despite the positive impact of information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) in bridging the digital divide, rural communities in the Global South continue to encounter challenges when accessing digitally enabled public sector services (e-government services). Lack of access to devices and digital skills, along with the absence of affordable and quality internet connectivity inhibit inclusive adoption and usage of e-government services. Additionally, the limited involvement of rural communities as co-creators of digital services and products further exacerbates their exclusions. Moreover, current approaches often overlook the agency of rural communities. I argue that communities in resource-constrained environments possess digital capabilities and competencies beyond mere consumerism and transactional activities. Drawing on the philosophy of Sankofa and experiences of the Balobedu people in Mamaila Tribal Authority (MTA), Limpopo Province, South Africa, I provide insights into how IKS, such as the pedagogy of Mandhwane (learning by doing), intergenerational learning, Letšema (collective capabilities), and Botho in adversity, can serve as catalysts in unlocking contextual digital skills for inclusive e-government and digital transformation.