Spatial Analysis of the Challenges of Informal Settlements Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS): A Case Study of the Thirteenth District, Kabul

Recent decades of challenges such as wars, large-scale migrations, and rapid population growth have created numerous urban problems in Afghanistan, particularly in Kabul. One significant issue is the proliferation of informal settlements, which presents multiple challenges for residents. Limited research has addressed the problems and improvement strategies for these areas. This study focuses on District 13 of Kabul as a case study to identify fundamental problems and propose appropriate approaches. The research utilizes field observations and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to collect and analyze data. Findings indicate that lacking infrastructure and facilities leads to various issues, including health and education problems and limited access to essential urban services in these areas. This article proposes a dual approach of informal settlement upgrading and urban redevelopment to improve conditions in these areas, including enhancing infrastructure and resettling affected residents as part of the upgrading strategy.