The role of hydrogen in ensuring Kazakhstan’s energy security

The article aims to analyse Kazakhstan's energy system, identify key parameters of energy security, and explore new opportunities, including the role of hydrogen energy, in ensuring the sustainability of the country's energy system.The study utilised methods of scientific knowledge such as analysis, synthesis, modelling, and SWOT analysis.It assessed the dynamics of electricity generation and oil production in Kazakhstan, using statistical methods of modelling and forecasting.The study identified the current state and possible future trends, highlighting the impact of high dependence on oil exports on Kazakhstan's economy and vulnerability to price fluctuations in world markets.A comparative analysis of the energy systems of other countries and regions was conducted to identify problems and potential solutions.The environmental and climate impacts of various energy sources, including coal, oil, gas, and renewable sources, were analysed.The study examined market mechanisms to support renewable energy, such as renewable electricity certification, and their impact on sector revenues.A conceptual approach to energy security was considered, analysing economic factors like fuel prices and capital costs of transitioning to renewable energy.Various scenarios for developing Kazakhstan's energy system were assessed, including projections of renewable energy use and changes in fuel consumption.The results of this study can inform the development of Kazakhstan's energy policy.Understanding the current state and trends in the energy sector allows for identifying key problems and potential development opportunities.