Comprehensive Approaches to Biochip Testing: Enhancing Reliability and Performance of DMFB

Digital Microfluidic Biochips (DMFBs) are among the most promising integrated microsystems for future biochemical assays due to their ability to accurate droplet control in diagnostics and pharmaceuticals.This work is a systematic investigation of the dependency of the DMFBs on aspects such as DNA amplification, enzyme reaction efficiency, and droplet manipulation as affected by variations in voltage.The efficiency in the amplification of DNA by the voltage enhancer peaked at 12 V with the optimum droplet speed at 75 m/s, the highest DNA output at 190 ng/L, 94 percent repeatability, and a minimum error rate of 1 percent.Enzyme reaction efficiency was confirmed to reach a maximum at 12V with a droplet speed of 65 m/s.Conversion of 88% of substrate reaction time of 35 minutes and an error rate of 2%.The accuracy in droplet manipulation was fine-tuned at 12V and yielded a droplet speed of 70 m/s, volume of 8 nL, alignment error of 3%, and a merging error of 4%.The significance of the results is associated with the determination of the impact of applied voltage on increasing the performance of DMFB through optimizing the characteristics of droplet control, the efficiency of the reaction, and decreasing errors, which would contribute to the expansion of their application in clinics and research.