Problems of Monitoring Surface Waters in the Dnipro Basin

In Ukraine, the qualitative state of surface waters is unsatisfactory, especially in major water accumulation facilities of national importance, such as the Dnipro reservoirs. This situation necessitates changes in the state monitoring mission and regulatory policies in water use. Particular public importance lies in the objective assessment of the ecological and hydrological state of Ukraine's water bodies and waters, especially under the conditions of ecological-economic and military aggression, with respect to water bodies of national significance, such as the Dnipro reservoirs, primarily the Kremenchuk Reservoir. The study employs scientific methods of systemic analysis, including GIS analysis, generalization, and systematization, while considering synergistic approaches in the development of structural-logical schemes for monitoring systems in hydrology using the abduction method. The necessity of correlation analysis and the integration of surface water and soil monitoring systems has been investigated. For example, soil contamination with free nitrogen has led to a tenfold increase in nitrate concentrations in well water in the Poltava region over recent years. The analysis revealed insufficient observation points for surface water and a lack of systematic soil contamination surveys. It was demonstrated that monitoring of the Kremenchuk Reservoir should encompass not only the water quality of the reservoir itself but also the water-bearing streams, tributaries, and parts of the basin forming the reservoir, in accordance with the proposed structural-logical schemes. It was identified that only 0.1% of the 35 billion UAH allocated over the past 12 years to the Dnipro River rehabilitation program was spent on water monitoring, while water rental payments account for only 20% of state and municipal water management expenditures. A structural-logical scheme for the development of hydro-ecological monitoring of the water environment in part of the Dnipro basin has been proposed. Structural-logical schemes for the development of a spatial monitoring framework for the integral system of the Kremenchuk Reservoir's components have been suggested. The need to establish an information-analytical center for state water monitoring in Ukraine has been identified.