Stability of the Implant–Alveolar Bone Complex According to the Peri-Implant Bone Loss and Bone Quality: A Finite Element Analysis Study

Peri-implant bone loss and bone quality significantly affect the biomechanical stability and long-term success of dental implants. This study used finite element analysis to evaluate the stress distribution and deformation behavior of implants and alveolar bone according to bone loss (0–5 mm) and bone quality (normal and low). A finite element model was implemented based on a three-dimensional mandibular model. The mechanical properties of each component were assigned, and finite element analysis was performed using a static occlusal load. The results showed that progressive bone loss increased von Mises stresses in the implant fixture and surrounding bone, and low-quality bone showed a significant vulnerability to stress concentration. The 2 mm bone loss model showed the maximum stress in cortical bone, and from 3 mm onwards, the stress decreased due to extensive loss of cortical bone. This may be because extensive bone loss causes the implant to lose interface with cortical bone and contact only with cancellous bone. This study confirmed that bone loss and the vulnerability of bone quality may potentially affect implant failure. Continued research is needed to suggest customized implants based on the structural vulnerability of alveolar bone.