Results of departmental control of bacteriological water pollution within the limits of the “One Health” concept

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of contamination of water from surface reservoirs and drinking water by bacteriological agents at the facilities of operators of the market of char products under the control of the State Production and Consumer Service in the Kharkiv region and the importance of studying this factor of contamination. Using the sources of domestic and foreign literature, the data of our research, the article presents information on the spread of bacteriological contamination of surface water bodies (from fish farms) and drinking water in the production of food products and the results of sanitary and microbiological control of drinking water samples. Sanitary and microbiological control of water quality establishes the degree of its safety under the requirements for a centralized drinking water supply. The main sanitary test for water contamination by intestinal secretions of warm-blooded animals remains bacteria of the group Escherichia coli (E. coli). Unlike the vast majority of countries, stricter requirements for the quality of drinking water concerning this indicator have been preserved in Ukraine, that is, all types of glucose-positive coliform bacteria are taken into account, not only lactose-positive variants. This approach is justified since many lactose-negative intestinal bacteria can not only enter but also multiply under appropriate conditions in drinking water and harm human health. Water as the main or auxiliary raw material is used in the vast majority of technological processes of food production. Practically all food production is connected with the consumption of water from the water supply system, boreholes, or wells. Although the drinking water that «reaches» the «faucet» of the enterprise producing food products undergoes several stages of purification, it still remains a risk factor for contamination, including bacteriological contamination. The increase in the number of operators of the food market, and non-compliance with the requirements during the circulation of objects of sanitary measures leads to an increase in the risks of contamination and infection of people. Only periodic laboratory bacteriological control of the state of drinking water at the facilities of the food market operator can ensure the circulation of food products that do not harm human health and are suitable for consumption. The relevance of the problem of fecal contamination of drinking water is also due to the periodic lack of electricity, as water purification systems work unstable. Also, it should be noted that the summer of 2024 in Ukraine was abnormally warm. The reproduction of pathogens often depends on the temperature of the water, which is manifested as a ratio of favorable temperature and the manifestation of clinical signs of the disease. Pathogens also have optimal temperature ranges for reproduction. An increase in water temperature will increase the introduction of exotic pathogens originating from regions with a higher environmental thermal index. The destruction of the infrastructure leads to the deterioration of the sanitary and hygienic condition of settlements, and life support facilities, and the complication of the epidemic and epizootic situation. An environment favorable for the spread of dangerous infectious diseases is created. One Health and climate change adaptation can significantly contribute to food security, environmental sanitation, and steps towards regional and global integrated surveillance and response systems