Predicting water quality in tin mining using the free drainage column leach test

Abstract The potential for acid mine drainage formation can be predicted by an understanding of the geochemical characteristics of the rocks in question, which in turn informs the planning of effective mine water management techniques. This approach represents an effective method for the prevention of acid mine drainage formation or the control of its movement. In order to ascertain the initial characteristics, leachate water quality modelling was conducted using samples obtained from the tin mining front, which represents the area of exploration and exploitation. Leachate water quality testing is conducted using the Free Draining Column Leach (FDCL) method. The samples were subjected to a wet cycle and a dry cycle, comprising daily cycles. The test results indicated an average pH range of 5 to 6, with a relatively moderate TDS content. In some samples, clay minerals (kaolinite) were present, suggesting that acidity can be neutralised indirectly by these minerals, which are derived from pit walls and outcrops at the tin mining site.