Gender inequality and local patriarchy in the mine industry of Bangka Island

Abstract Unconventional mining (TI) has exerted a considerable influence on Bangka Island. A group or individual with minimal resources has been engaged in non-traditional tin mining methods. Primarily, it pertains to artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM), which involves little or basic equipment and low technology but relies heavily on manual labor. We examine the gender perspective in relation to tin mining, a topic that has received limited attention in previous studies. Initially, the primary objective is to examine the concept of gender and the issue of gender inequality at the mining site in Bangka. This study specifically examines the challenges and actual conditions faced by female workers in mining sites. Experiencing unjust treatment, individuals often feel uncomfortable but choose to disregard it as an issue, with many accepting inequity as an inherent aspect of the workplace. Furthermore, they are simultaneously engaged in domestic responsibilities such as nourishing their children, maintaining the cleanliness of the household, tending to the needs of their unwell children, and other maternal duties, all while working at the mining site.