A function of PVA/SiO₂/CMC composite gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) for electrochemical performance of secondary zinc-air batteries (ZABs) respectively

Abstract ZABs are a desirable clean electrical energy storage technology to be developed. ZABs generates electricity through the zinc oxidation process at anode and oxygen reduction reaction at cathode. CV characterization to analyzing oxidation and reduction processes in ZAB-1P1S4C is attributed to the occurrence of oxidation (discharge) on the zinc surface with OH − becoming a tetrahydroxyl dianion or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . An approach used for evaluating ZABs are called GCD characterization. There was a sharp drop in discharge curves of ZAB-1P and ZAB-3P. The sharp decrease in the ZAB-0A (1P) and ZAB-0B (3P) discharge curves occurs because the concentration of OH − in the GPE decreases rapidly due to the evaporation of water so that OH − which is intended for tetrahydroxyl dianions such as <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and zincate ion such as <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>Z</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> <mml:mi>H</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is very little formed. Another characterization is CCD characterisation to investigate influence of depth of the discharge curve and the rise in charge curve on CCD-1P4S4C. OCV is used to evaluate the difference in electric potential between a ZAB’s positive and negative terminals when no current is applied. Addition of SiO 2 and CMC has effect of increasing the energy density and power density of ZAB-1P4S4C by 1.059 × 10 −7 Wh/kg and 1.52 × 10 −4 W/kg.