Environmental influences on sleep quality in university dormitories

Abstract Environmental factors play a critical role in determining sleep quality, which is essential for physical and cognitive restoration. Key environmental parameters such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, CO 2 levels, and particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) have been identified as significant contributors to sleep disturbances. This study investigates the impact of university’s dormitory environmental conditions on student’s sleep quality. By understanding these influences, we aim to provide data-driven recommendations for optimizing the dormitory environment to promote better sleep quality. The findings revealed that students’ sleep quality was poor, with subjective measures such as a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score above 5 and Sleep Onset Latency (SOL) over 20 minutes, and objective measures showing less than 7 hours of total sleep time, REM sleep percentage below 25%, and NREM sleep percentage under 75%. High average temperatures of 29.79°C and relative humidity of 88.70% were significant environmental factors associated with poor sleep quality. Additionally, CO 2 and PM 2.5 concentrations exceeded safe limits, contributing to respiratory discomfort and reduced sleep quality. Thus, improving the dormitory environment at UNDIP is essential for enhancing sleep quality.