Substrate Selection for Improved Sensitivity in Noninvasive Blood Glucose Microwave Sensors

This study introduces a noninvasive approach to detecting blood glucose concentrations through an exploration of different substrates utilized in diverse sensing methodologies. The impact of different dielectric constants on sensor per-formance is examined, comparing Rogers 4360G2 and Rogers 4003C substrates. Rogers 4360G2, with a higher demonstrates improved transmission capabilities and energy storage, resulting in heightened small changes to sensitivity. Conversely, Rogers 4003C, with a lower exhibits reduced sensitivity to subtle variations. These findings show the importance of selecting appropriate substrate materials to optimize sensor performance across diverse applications. Furthermore, the research investi-gated how different levels of blood glucose on the sensor affect the measurements by comparing them to a glucose reference concentration. Continuous measurements over some time from individuals yielded valuable insights that contribute to the ad-vancement of glucose sensing technologies and the improvement of blood glucose concentration monitoring. Utilizing specific substrate properties and implementing sensor designs based on magnetic and electric fields can greatly enhance the reliability and accuracy of monitoring blood glucose at different concentrations.