Carbon nanomaterials: Revolutionizing biomedical applications with promising potential

Carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) such as fullerene, nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon dots possess remarkable characteristics that render new horizons for biomedical advancements. This review examines the distinctive characteristics and preparation methods highlighting their impact on the materials' functionality. Various biomedical applications of CBNs have been reported, including drug delivery, wound healing, biosensing, bio-imaging, tissue engineering, and anti-cancer. The current clinical status, biocompatibility, and toxicity of CBNs are discussed, highlighting challenges and future perspectives in regulatory and scalability aspects. This comprehensive overview aims to advance understanding and foster further research in this promising field. Through an exegesis of the various features and facets of CBNs, this review hopes to give a comprehensive perspective on the transformative possibilities of CBNs in biomedical innovations and forecast further study and innovation in this emerging field.