Fabrication of hybrid nanocomposites for electrochemical evaluation of food-based preservative and bioactive targets of hydrogen peroxide and rutin in real fruit and drug samples

Development of a reliable tool to detect hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and rutin in food-derived products and bioactive flavonoids is essential for food safety. Nevertheless, food/drug-based real samples are complex matrices that affect the sensor's specificity and sensitivity. For this purpose, we developed a simple electrochemical detection platform using covalent organic framework‑silver nanoparticles (COF-AgNPs). Based on spectral and electrochemical tests, COF-AgNPs displayed enhanced electroactive sites and facile electron transfer. For H₂O₂ and rutin, the designed sensor surface exhibited outstanding concentration linearity of 0.5 nM-1000 μM and 1 nM-900 μM, respectively, along with superior detection limits of 0.126 nM and 0.133 nM. Additionally, it demonstrated acceptable reproducibility and interference capability. In practical analysis, H₂O₂ and rutin were detected in milk, fruits, and drug samples with high recovery rates of 94.60-99.31 % (n = 3). Consequently, the designed sensor is ideal for screening targets for H₂O₂ and rutin in food sources and for food research.