La terminologie du domaine de l'intelligence artificielle : néologie et pluridisciplinarité

The rapid evolution of society continually leads to the emergence of new specialized fields, among which artificial intelligence (AI) stands out as an omnipresent topic in today’s world. This article explores the terminology of AI through an analysis of the bilingual glossary Une intelligence artificielle bien réelle : les termes de l’IA, available on the Grand dictionnaire terminologique website (as an official terminological resource of the Quebec government). This article aims to illustrate, through numerous examples, how AI-related terms are formed and used. It emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature of the terms as well as their linguistic motivation (including both semantic and morphological motivation). The essence of the semantic motivation of AI terms mainly lies in metaphors and metonymies, while morphological motivation primarily involves affixation, which is a crucial method in the creation of new terms. In the case of complex terms, which are more prevalent than simple terms, the article discusses the role of the most frequently used method for abbreviating terms in the field of AI, namely acronymization. The article also highlights the influence of the English language on AI terminology, which includes a significant number of literal translations (calques), reflecting the trend toward the internationalization of technical terminologies and the impact of intercultural exchanges on the evolution of specialized terms.