Performance Analysis of EFPK Laser Communication in Terrestrial-HAP-Satellite Links With MRR Array

High altitude platform (HAP)-assisted satellite-terrestrial laser communication has become a growing trend. Due to the low power consumption, high sensitivity, and miniaturization characteristics of modulating retro-reflector(MRR) arrays, they are well-suited for deployment on the HAP. This letter proposes the use of the MRR array and enhanced hybrid frequency-phase-keying (EFPK) modulation to improve the performance of the terrestrial-HAP-satellite uplink. In this system, the MRR array is installed at the HAP, and the terrestrial-to-HAP link adopts single-input multiple-output (SIMO) technology. Considering factors such as light intensity scintillation, beam wander, atmospheric attenuation, pointing errors and angle of arrival (AOA) fluctuations, the BER expression of the system is derived, and the effects of the number of MRR elements and zenith angle on system performance are analyzed through simulation.