Creation of a collection of pathogens of tomato fruits in Central and Northern Kazakhstan and their cultural and morphological characteristics

This article examines the study of one of the important vegetable crops - tomato, and its position in the country's market. Tomato fruits are rich in nutrients, have pharmacological properties, and their cultivation has a significant impact on the agricultural economy. According to the effect of various factors on the plant, tomatoes are susceptible to diseases that change the quality and taste of fruits. They can be exposed, as well as to local factors of cultivation, and are affected by infectious diseases, which are conditionally divided into bacterial, fungal and viral. The aim of the study is to identify the main pathogens of tomato fruits in central and northern Kazakhstan and their cultural and morphological characteristics. Creating a collection of pathogens. To achieve these goals, we use such techniques as collecting affected tomato fruits with identified lesions, isolating pathogens of phytopathogens from infected tissues of tomato fruits by the CTAB method of DNA isolation, cultural and morphological characteristics of pathogen strains using microscopy, conducting genetic identification of isolated strains by PCR test and sequencing. As a result of the study, about 50 tomato fruits from various regions of Kazakhstan were selected, from which 36 samples of pathogens belonging to the genera Alternaria spp., Apiospora spp. and Fusarium spp. were isolated, with characteristic cultural-morphological and physiological-biochemical signs, and molecular genetic identification was carried out, during which the species of Alternaria were identified alstroemeriae, Apiospora sacchari and Fusarium equiseti. Based on the data obtained, the study of tomato diseases and their pathogens is key to developing effective measures to protect and increase the resistance of this important agricultural plant to infections, which in turn contributes to improving the quality and increasing its production volumes. For a more effective diagnosis of plant diseases, identification of pathogens and their number, we recommend conducting a polymerase chain reaction. This is due to the fact that PCR diagnostics is the most accurate and fastest analysis to identify the pathogen present in the studied materials. This method allows you to determine the presence of the pathogen, even if only a few DNA molecules are present in the sample.