Advancing poultry farming in Kazakhstan: the role of probiotics and biopreparations.

This review critically evaluates the integration of probiotics in poultry farming within Kazakhstan, set against the backdrop of increasing global demand for poultry meat. Probiotics are increasingly viewed as essential alternatives to antibiotics, which have long been used to enhance growth and prevent disease in poultry. The review identifies significant challenges within Kazakhstan, such as reliance on imported breeding stock, infrastructural constraints, and local disease profiles that complicate widespread probiotic adoption. However, it also highlights substantial opportunities driven by government initiatives like the "2018-2027 Program for the Development of Poultry Farming," which emphasize the reduction of antibiotic use and enhancement of food security. The development of local biopreparations, including "Polylactovit" and "Bentobak", underscores Kazakhstan's emerging role in agricultural biotechnology and its potential for self-sufficiency. The comparison with global practices reveals the need for Kazakhstan to adopt more advanced probiotic strains, aligning its poultry industry with international standards and enhancing its competitiveness. The findings suggest that leveraging government support, improving local production capabilities, and adopting global best practices could transform Kazakhstan into a regional leader in sustainable poultry farming.