Data-driven digital transformation for uncertainty reduction – Application of satellite imagery analytics in institutional crop credit management

Agriculture financing in developing countries is dominated by informal lending. One challenge in the expansion of institutional (formal) credit is the lack of reliable data on the historical performance of farmers. Due to the absence of data, financial institutions face uncertainties that obstruct the decision-making process, leading to sub-optimal credit disbursal. Based on the theoretical lens of uncertainty reduction, this study focuses on achieving two key research objectives: identifying uncertainties in institutional crop credit management processes and examining how a data-driven digital transformation for social innovation based on satellite imagery analytics could alleviate these hindrances. We longitudinally study a satellite imagery analytics firm and complement the case data with stakeholder interviews. The results capture state space, option, and ethical uncertainties institutional lenders face in expanding crop credit and explain how data-driven digital transformation can reduce these uncertainties. Adopting such a data-driven digital transformation promises to make different stakeholder groups interact and collaborate to achieve the common objective of financial inclusion of small-scale economic actors. Further, we show that satellite imagery in crop credit management can significantly reduce the uncertainties caused by the lack of independent data sources.