FEATURES OF ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF CARIES AND PERIODONTISIS IN MILITARY PERSONNEL: INFLUENCE OF STRESS AND GENETIC FACTORS (literature review)

Background. The most common diseases that lead to tooth loss are caries and periodontitis. Among military personnel, these processes are quite common, which can be related to both extreme stress and genetic factors. Aim: to establish the features of the etiopathogenesis of tooth caries and generalized periodontitis in military personnel, in particular, the influence of stress and genetic factors, based on the analysis of literary data. Materials and methods. The subject of the search was scientific publications of the Ukrainian and foreign literature of the last 5 years, containing the keywords: dental diseases, dental caries, complications of caries, periodontitis, etiology, pathogenesis, stress, cortisol, candidate genes, genetic polymorphism, miRNA, military personnel, combatants, veterans using the open medical scientific database PubMed of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Medical Library USA (NLM). At the first stage, 250 sources were selected, of which 49 were selected for this article. Results. Caries and generalized periodontitis have great social significance among the population of the whole world. Their social burden is manifested in significant global costs for health care, which reach 5%. The incidence of caries and periodontitis is a particularly acute issue among personnel, in particular the Armed Forces, which is manifested in a decrease in combat effectiveness and an increase in the frequency and duration of medical evacuation. Among the numerous etiological factors of caries and periodontitis in military personnel, the key is stress, which is of a chronic nature. Stress-induced disorders of neuro-humoral regulation become specific triggers in relation to the development of caries. It has been established that caries and periodontitis have a clear genetic determinism, which is realized through the interaction of structural genes and regulatory genes. A special place in the metabolism of periodontal tissues is occupied by epigenetic regulation, in particular the influence of miRNA. MiRNA-146a and miRNA450b-5p are diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of inflammatory periodontal diseases and caries.