Porphyrins as Polyfunctional Ligands for Binding to DNA. Prospects for Application (A Review)

The study of the interaction of nucleic acids with ligands is relevant both in terms of scientific interest and high potential practical significance. Nucleic acid complex formation with ligands affects the biochemical functions of the most important carrier of genetic information, which opens up opportunities for treating genetic diseases and controlling the aging of both cells and the organism as a whole. Among the huge variety of potential ligands, porphyrins and related compounds occupy a special placedue to their ability to generate reactive oxygen species under irradiation with light. The photocatalytic properties of porphyrins can be used in the creation of molecular tools for genetic engineering and the treatment of viral and bacterial infections at the genetic level. Modification of porphyrin compounds allows targeting of the ligand to a specific biological target.The review summarizes the literature data describing the process of nucleic acid complex formation with aromatic ligands, mainly with porphyrins. The influence of the structure of macroheterocycles on the features of interaction with nucleic acids is analyzed. Promising directions for further research are outlined.