Effectiveness of sleep hygiene on anxiety and depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis

Objectives: To synthesize the effectiveness of sleep hygiene in improving anxiety and depression among hemodialysis patients. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. A systematic literature review was conducted using five databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that provide sleep hygiene were included. The review is reporting following PRISMA guidelines. Results: Four RCTs met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The groups using sleep hygiene compared to the control groups showed a significant decrease in anxiety levels [standardized mean differences (SMD) = −1.16, 95% CI (−2.22, −0.11), p = 0.031], in addition, there was a statistically significant decrease in depression levels [SMD = −0.51, 95% CI (−0.80, −0.22), and p = 0.001]. Conclusions: Sleep hygiene education has a positive value in hemodialysis patients in reducing depression and anxiety levels, therefore it can be used as a complementary intervention in clinical settings.