High levels of type II Fusarium head blight resistance conferred in wheat by combining wheat gene Fhb1 with Lophopyrum elongatum gene Fhb7<sup>The2 </sup>

Wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB) leads to losses of grain yield and quality. Ingestion of diseased grain is detrimental to human health due to the mycotoxins present in the grain. Developing resistant cultivars for environments where FHB is prevalent is therefore an important breeding objective. One of the most effective wheat genes conferring type II resistance to FHB is <i>Fhb1,</i> originally discovered in the Chinese cultivar (cv) Sumai 3. Another excellent FHB resistance gene is <i>Fhb7</i> located on the long arm of <i>Lophopyrum elongatum</i> chromosome 7E. Several alleles of <i>Fhb7 </i>have been identified. Allele <i>Fhb7^The2</i> was found in disomic substitution lines 7E(7A), 7E(7B) and 7E(7D) derived from amphiploid AgCS. The amphiploid was produced from a hybrid <i>Triticum aestivum</i> cv Chinese Spring × <i>L. elongatum</i>. To find if combining <i>Fhb7^The2</i> with <i>Fhb1</i> confers higher resistance in wheat than single genes, an introgression line derived from AgCS and possessing <i>Fhb7^The2</i> was recurrently backcrossed to bread wheat cv Rollag and MN-Washburn possessing <i>Fhb1. </i>Experimental lines possessing both <i>Fhb7^The2</i> and <i>Fhb1 </i>were developed and validated cytogenetically and with the <i>L. elongatum</i> genome-wide Sequenom SNP MassARRAY. Spikes of these lines, parental cv Rollag and MN-Washburn, and those of disomic addition line 7E possessing <i>Fhb7^The2</i> plus controls were inoculated with Fusarium in a twice-replicated trial in controlled greenhouse environmental conditions. FHB infection rates were significantly lower in lines combining <i>Fhb7^The2</i> with <i>Fhb1</i> than in materials with <i>Fhb7^The2</i> or^Â<i>Fhb1</i> alone.Â