Socio-Economic Assessment of Communities Along the Western Shore of Lake Dambal, Ethiopia

This study explores the socioeconomic features of communities surrounding Lake Dambal previously named Lake Ziway, the only freshwater lake in Ethiopia's Central Rift Valley basin, which is increasingly threatened by degradation. Using both quantitative and qualitative research methods, including household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions, the study assessed the socio-economic and environmental challenges impacting the western shore of Lake Dambal. A total of 420 respondents, predominantly male household heads in rural areas, revealed that most households depend on farming, yet face significant challenges such as water scarcity, soil erosion, pests, diseases, and market instabilities. Environmental degradation, driven by deforestation, chemical use, invasive weeds, overfishing, and urban waste pollution, further exacerbates the lake's deterioration and the communities' vulnerabilities. Despite these challenges, there are opportunities for sustainable development through the adoption of improved agricultural technologies, value-addition activities, and sustainable practices like beekeeping and reforestation. The study underscores the urgent need for holistic wetland conservation efforts, which include promoting alternative livelihoods, implementing land use planning, and enhancing market access. Strengthening policy enforcement, supporting smallholder farmers, and fostering private sector engagement are also crucial for improving the livelihoods and resilience of the community. By addressing these socio-economic and environmental issues, stakeholders can work towards the sustainable management of Lake Dambal and its surrounding wetlands, ultimately contributing to the well-being of local communities and the preservation of critical ecosystems.