How to search for literature in systematic reviews and meta-analyses: A comprehensive step-by-step guide

We introduce a comprehensive guide to improve literature sampling in systematic literature reviews (SLRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) in management and adjacent social science disciplines. Analyzing 404 SLRs and MAs from top-tier management-related journals and the 135 methodological studies on which they relied revealed significant opportunities to improve sampling quality. We found that inadequate guidance and an overreliance on unfounded “best practices” often leads to suboptimal search strategies and incomplete reporting. To improve literature sampling, we have developed a guide that details four sequenced and prioritized scoping, searching, screening, and reporting steps. The guide also includes recommendations for the most suitable literature databases to search with, suggested (AI-enabled) tool support, and two checks to validate the effectiveness of search strategies. We created this guide by adapting the state-of-the-art recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook and PRISMA—the widely acknowledged benchmarks in methodical and reporting guidance—and supplementing them with additional evidence-based methodological insights. By adopting the guide, authors can ensure their sampling is effective and meets the high standards of SLRs and MAs, thereby likely boosting the impact of their review. The guide is applicable to all review types that require comprehensive, transparent, and reproducible sampling, including bibliometric studies and integrative reviews. • Evaluated the sampling strategies of 404 management SLRs and MAs, uncovering significant gaps and opportunities for methodological enhancements. • Developed a comprehensive step-by-step literature sampling guide for SLRs and MAs. • The guide sequences and prioritizes four scoping, searching, screening, and reporting steps for the most effective literature sampling. • Adapted Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines to provide state-of-the-art sampling practices for management and social sciences. • Implementation of this guide is expected to significantly enhance the comprehensiveness, reproducibility, and impact of reviews.