Freshwater Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microalgae as a Source of Compounds with Anticancer Activities. Pt 2: Bioprospecting Species from Natural Freshwater Habitats and Extreme Environments

The search for new and effective anticancer drugs from natural sources has been expanded beyond culture collections. It now includes the less explored eukaryotic and prokaryotic microalgae, bioprospected from both extreme and non-extreme freshwater environments. Microalgae exposed to abiotic stresses, found in a variety of ecosystems, have shown the ability to produce a series of unique metabolites, which help them adapt and survive. In particular, those found in extreme environments may be capable of producing metabolites that are novel and have potential cancer fighting properties. This review highlights current research into extracts and compounds from microalgae bioprospected from a range of freshwater environments, including extreme environments, and their potential in producing anticancer agents.