Innovative Nanofibrous Dini's Surface as a Three‐Dimensional Highly Porous Scaffold Providing Enhanced Cellular Infiltration

ABSTRACT Increasing demand for the tissue engineering‐based treatments, emerge the necessity of introducing feasible and facile techniques for providing efficient three‐dimensional scaffolds from the potent natural and synthetic polymers, especially for the regeneration of thick tissues as bone, cartilage, and so forth. In the present study, an innovative method for the fabrication of nanofibrous structure in 3D shape and highly porous state is introduced. This method, which is on the basis of electrospinning technique provides highly porous nanofibrous structure with inspiration from geometric model named Dini's surface. For this aim, instead of applying conventional collector, a novel technique was considered for collecting the PCL/Gelatin nanofibers and consequent forming the 3D structure. Morphological and mechanical properties, porosity, degradation, and water uptake capacity together with cell behavior on the fabricated scaffolds were evaluated. In vitro evaluation revealed the progressive cell proliferation and three dimensional cell growth in the fabricated scaffold. Furthermore, despite the limited cell infiltration into the conventional electrospun nanofibrous mats, in vivo experiment demonstrated that the introduced method resulted in the scaffold, which provides facilitated cell infiltration, early tissue invasion, neo‐tissue formation, and new blood vessels generation within the first few days of subcutaneous implantation. Results indicate that the introduced method is a promising technique for the development of nanofibrous‐based three‐dimensional scaffold which provides enhanced cellular infiltration and neo‐tissue formation, and early blood vessel formation.