Duplex Ultrasound of the Femoral Vein for Monitoring Endovascular Treatment of Aortocaval Fistula: A Case Report

Aortocaval fistulas, typically linked to aortoiliac aneurysms, are rare vascular conditions. Currently, endovascular therapy is preferred treatment approach. However, endovascular therapy requires frequent and extended follow-up evaluations. Herein, we emphasize a noteworthy clinical finding in this disease: the presence of a pulsatile femoral vein. Additionally, we propose a novel, simple, and easily performed radiation-free method for postoperative assessment of fistula presence or resolution: duplex ultrasound of the femoral vein. While duplex ultrasound cannot substitute other diagnostic modalities, this technique offers a quick, cost-effective, and repeatable adjunct for monitoring.